Roman Numeral Converter
Convert numbers to Roman numerals and back — covering 1 to 3999.
Roman numeral symbols
I
1
V
5
X
10
L
50
C
100
D
500
M
1000
How Roman numerals work
Roman numerals use seven symbols: I (1), V (5), X (10), L (50), C (100), D (500), and M (1000). Numbers are generally written largest to smallest, left to right. A smaller numeral before a larger one indicates subtraction: IV = 4, IX = 9, XL = 40, XC = 90, CD = 400, CM = 900. Standard Roman numerals don't have a symbol for zero and max out at 3,999.
Frequently asked questions
Why do Roman numerals stop at 3999?
The standard system uses M for 1000 and allows up to three Ms (MMM = 3000). Adding 900 (CM) and 99 (XCIX) gives MMMCMXCIX = 3999. Numbers above 3999 require non-standard extensions (like a bar over a numeral meaning ×1000).
What year is MMXXIV?
MM = 2000, XX = 20, IV = 4. So MMXXIV = 2024. Enter it in the Roman → Number converter to verify.
